Spain

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SPAIN




 Kingdom of Spain
Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy
King Juan Carlos I

 Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by FranceAndorra, and theBay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North AfricaCeuta and Melilla, that border Morocco.


Location of  Spain  (dark green)– in Europe  (green & dark grey)– in the European Union  (green)  —  [Legend]
CapitalMadrid
Official languagesSpanish
Recognised regional languages
Area
 - Total505,992 km2 
Population
 - 2012 47,265,321 inhabitants




Highest mountain: Teide 3,718 m.
Highest mountain in Peninsula: Mulhacén 3,478 m.
Highest Mountain in Pyrenees: Aneto 3,404 m.

MOUNTAIN RANGES


Longest river: Tajo 1,038 km
Largest river: Ebro 426 m3/s

RIVERS






Autonomous community CapitalProvinces

Andalusia AndalusiaSevilleMalaga, Almeria, Huelva, Cadiz, Cordoba, Jaen, Granada and Seville
Aragon AragonZaragozaAragón, Teruel and Zaragoza
Asturias Principality of AsturiasOviedoAsturias
Balearic Islands Balearic IslandsPalma de MallorcaBalearic Islands
Basque Country (autonomous community) Basque Country Vitoria - GasteizAlava, Guipuzcoa and Vizcaya
Canary Islands Canary IslandsSanta Cruz and Las Palmas Tenerife and Gran Canaria
Cantabria CantabriaSantanderCantabria
Castile-La Mancha Castile-La ManchaToledoGuadalajara, Cuenca, Albacete, Ciudad Real and Toledo
Castile and León Castile and LeónValladolidLeón, Valladolid, Zamora, Palencia, Soria, Segovia, Avila, Burgos and Salamanca
Catalonia CataloniaBarcelonaLleida, Girona, Tarragona and Barcelona
Community of Madrid Community of MadridMadridMadrid
Extremadura ExtremaduraMéridaCaceres and Badajoz
Galicia (Spain) GaliciaSantiago de CompostelaLugo, Ourense, Pontevedra and A Coruña
La Rioja (Spain) La RiojaLogroñoLa Rioja
Region of Murcia Region of MurciaMurciaMurcia
Navarre NavarrePamplonaNavarra


Valencian Community Valencian CommunityValenciaAlicante, Castellon and Valencia

Autonomous city

Ceuta Ceuta
Melilla Melilla


Descripción

Would you know to locate the geographic items you are asked about? You must point out each exact location on the map.






















KINGS OF SPAIN

Kingdom of Spain (1479–1873)

House of Trastamara (1516–1555)

Under Isabella and Ferdinand, the kingdoms of Castilla and Aragon were united.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Joanna I
6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555(aged 75)26 November 150412 April 1555daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon &Isabella I of CastileHouse of TrastamaraJoanna of Castile and Aragon (later: Joanna of Spain)

House of Habsburg (1516–1700)

Under Joanna and Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Charles I
(Charles V of HRE)
24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558(aged 58)14 March 151616 January 1556
(abdicated)
Son of Juana of Castile & Philip I of CastileHabsburgCarlos I of Spain
Philip II
21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598(aged 71)16 January 155613 September 1598Son of Charles IHabsburgFelipe II of Spain
Philip III
14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621(aged 42)13 September 159831 March 1621Son of Philip IIHabsburgFelipe III of Spain
Philip IV
8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665(aged 60)31 March 162117 September 1665Son of Philip IIIHabsburgFelipe IV of Spain
Charles II
  • the Bewitched
  • SpanishCarlos II
6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700(aged 38)17 September 16651 November 1700Son of Philip IVHabsburgCarlos II of Spain

House of Bourbon (1700–1808)

In the year 1700 Charles II died. Charles' will named the 16-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor. Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duc de Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria.
Both claimants, Philip and Charles, had a legal right to the Spanish throne due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, were sons of Charles' aunts, Anne of Austria and Maria Anna of Austria. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However, the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.
After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne. Following this war broke out and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III in opposition to Philip V.He was proclaimed in Vienna, and also in Madrid in the years 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Philip V
19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(aged 62)16 November 170014 January 1724
(abdicated)
Great-grandson of Philip IVBourbonPhilip V of Spain
Louis I
  • the Beloved and the Liberal
  • SpanishLuis I
25 August 1707 – 31 August 1724(aged 17)14 January 172431 August 1724Son of Philip VBourbonLouis I of Spain
Philip V
19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(aged 62)6 September 17249 July 1746Father of Louis IBourbonPhilip V of Spain
Ferdinand VI
23 September 1713 – 10 August 1759(aged 45)9 July 174610 August 1759Son of Philip VBourbonFernando VI of Spain
Charles III
  • the Enlightened and the King-Mayor
  • SpanishCarlos III
20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788(aged 72)10 August 175914 December 1788Son of Philip VBourbonCarlos III of Spain
Charles IV
11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819(aged 70)14 December 178819 March 1808
(abdicated)
Son of Carlos IIIBourbonCharles IV of Spain
Ferdinand VII
  • the Desired, later El Rey Felón (The Felon King)
  • SpanishFernando VII
14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(aged 48)19 March 18086 May 1808
(abdicated)
Son of Charles IVBourbonFernando VII of Spain

House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)

The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph, imposed by his brother Emperor Napoleon I of France after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State. He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings. A government in opposition to the French was formed in Cádiz on 25 September 1808, which continued to recognize the imprisoned Ferdinand VII as king. This government was diplomatically recognized as the legitimate Spanish government by Britain and other countries at war with France.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Joseph Bonaparte
  • the Intruder and Bottle Joe
  • SpanishJosé
7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844(aged 76)6 June 180811 December 1813
(deposed)
BonaparteJosé of Spain

House of Bourbon (1813–1868)

Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Ferdinand VII
  • the Desired, later El Rey Felón (The Felon King)
  • SpanishFernando VII
14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(aged 48)11 December 181329 September 1833Son of Charles IVBourbonFernando VII of Spain
Isabella II
  • the One with the Sad Destinies
  • SpanishIsabel II
10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904(aged 73)29 September 183330 September 1868
(deposed)
Daughter of Ferdinand VIIBourbonIsabel II of Spain

House of Savoy (1870–1873)

After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, there was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from October 8, 1868 until January 2, 1871, while a new monarch was sought. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used wasKing of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of the nation.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Amadeo I
  • the Gentleman King
30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890(aged 44)16 November 187011 February 1873
(abdicated)
Elected by Cortes GeneralesSavoyAmadeo I of Spain

Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)

House of Bourbon (1874–1931)

Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional King of Spain.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Alfonso XII
  • the Peacemaker
28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885(aged 27)29 December 187425 November 1885Son of Isabella IIBourbonAlfonso XII of Spain
Alfonso XIII
  • the African
17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941(aged 54)17 May 188614 April 1931
(abdicated)
Son of Alfonso XIIBourbonAlfonso XIII of Spain

Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Spanish State (1936–1975)

On 1 October 1936 General Francisco Franco was proclaimed Leader of Spain (SpanishCaudillo de España) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. After the end of war on 1 April 1939 General Franco took control of the whole of Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy but did not allow the pretender, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, Prince of Spain, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.

Kingdom of Spain (1975–present

House of Bourbon (1975–present)

Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.
NameLifespanReign startReign endNotesFamilyImage
Juan Carlos I[5]
5 January 1938 (age 75)22 November 1975IncumbentGrandson of Alfonso XIIIBourbonJuan Carlos I of Spain






















































































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